A brief history of the development of electronic components
The history of the development of electronic components is actually a condensed history of electronic development. Electronic technology is the end of the nineteenth century, the beginning of the twentieth century began to develop emerging technologies, the twentieth century, rapid development, widely used, and has become an important symbol of modern science and technology development.
In 1906, the American inventor De Forest Lee invented the vacuum triode (electron tube). Electronic products with electron tube as the core. At the end of the forties, the semiconductor triode was born in the world, which is characterized by compactness, light weight, power saving, long life, etc. It was quickly applied in various countries, replacing the electron tube in a wide range.
In the late fifties, the world appeared integrated circuits, it is many transistors and other electronic components integrated in a silicon chip, so that the development of electronic products to a more miniaturized. Integrated circuits from small-scale integrated circuits rapidly developed to large-scale integrated circuits and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, so that the electronic products to the direction of high energy and low consumption, high precision, high stability, intelligent development. Since, the four stages of the development of electronic computers through the four stages can fully explain the characteristics of the four stages of the development of electronic technology, so the following four times from the development of electronic computers to illustrate the characteristics of the four stages of the development of electronic technology.
In the 20th century, the electronic components industry appeared and got rapid development, so that the whole world and people's work and living habits have undergone a radical change. The development history of electronic components is actually the development history of the electronics industry.
In 1906, American DeForest invented the vacuum transistor, which was used to amplify the sound current of a telephone. Since then, people strongly expected to be able to birth a solid device, used as a lightweight, inexpensive and long-life amplifiers and electronic switches. 1947, the birth of point-contact germanium transistors, in the history of the development of electronic devices turned a new page. However, this point-contact transistor was constructed with an Achilles' heel of unstable contact points.
The junction transistor theory was proposed at the same time as the development of the point-contact transistor, but it was not until people were able to prepare ultra-high purity single crystals and control the conductive type of the crystals arbitrarily that the junction transistor material really appeared. 1950 saw the birth of the germanium alloy transistor with a useable value, and 1954 saw the birth of the junction silicon transistor. In 1954, the junction-type silicon transistor was born. Since then, the idea of field effect transistor was proposed. With the defect-free crystallization and defect control and other materials technology, crystal outside the birth of long technology and diffusion doping technology, pressure-resistant oxide film preparation technology, corrosion and photolithography technology and development, a variety of high-performance electronic devices have appeared one after another, electronic components gradually from the vacuum tube era into the era of transistors and large-scale, ultra-large-scale integrated circuits era. The semiconductor industry has gradually formed as a representative of high-tech industry.
Due to the needs of social development, electronic devices become more and more complex, which requires electronic devices must have reliability, speed, small power consumption and light weight, miniaturization, low cost and other characteristics. Since the 1950s the idea of integrated circuits was put forward, due to advances in comprehensive technologies such as materials technology, device technology and circuit design, integrated circuits were successfully developed in the 1960s. In the history of semiconductor development.
The emergence of integrated circuits was epoch-making: its birth and development pushed forward the advancement of copper-core technology and computers, and led to historic changes in various fields of scientific research as well as in the structure of industrial society. The invention of integrated circuits with superior science and technology gave researchers more advanced tools, which in turn led to many more advanced technologies. These advanced technologies have further led to the emergence of higher performance and cheaper integrated circuits. For electronic devices, the smaller the size, the higher the degree of integration; the shorter the response time, the faster the speed of computational processing; the higher the transmission frequency, the greater the amount of information transmitted. The semiconductor industry and semiconductor technology have been described as the basis of modern industry, and at the same time have developed into a relatively independent high-tech industry.